Which of the following describes the Bay of Pigs invasion?
The invasion was an unmitigated disaster.
What happened during the Tet Offensive of January 1968?
The Vietcong and North Vietnamese forces attacked key cities and every major American base in South Vietnam.
Of the more than 7,500 American women who served in the Vietnam War, most served as
nurses.
What did the War Powers Act of 1973 stipulate?
The president had to secure congressional approval for any substantial, long-term deployment of troops abroad.
Who constituted about 80 percent of American troops in Vietnam?
Poor and working-class Americans
Which of the following describes the thirteen-day Cuban missile crisis of 1962?
It brought the world's two superpowers perilously close to nuclear war.
How did the Soviet Union respond to increased U.S. production of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and the American nuclear buildup in Europe?
It stepped up its own ICBM program.
What was the impact of the American movement to stop the Vietnam War?
It brought the war to the center of media attention and severely limited the Johnson administration's options.
The Arab nations launched an oil embargo against the United States in 1973 because the Nixon administration
supported Israel following the Yom Kippur War.
The National Liberation Front in Vietnam was composed of
South Vietnamese under the direction of the North Vietnamese army.
What did the “Vietnamization” of the Vietnam War in 1968 demonstrate about the United States?
It now hoped to achieve its objective of a non-Communist South Vietnam by relying more heavily on the South Vietnamese.
Who organized the first major protest in the United States against the Vietnam War in April 1965?
Students for a Democratic Society
The Peace Corps was launched by the Kennedy administration in 1961 to
allow young Americans to work directly with the people in third world countries.
What was the ultimate impact of the Vietnam War in the United States?
It contributed to internal disorder and the downfall of two presidents.
Why were the Helsinki accords of 1975 controversial?
The accords acknowledged Soviet domination over Eastern Europe.
Which nation seized the Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights, and West Bank after winning the Six-Day War in 1967?
Israel
During the Vietnam War, the FBI
disrupted antiwar work and spread false information about peace activists.
By 1968, the Vietnam War had
made refugees of nearly 30 percent of the South Vietnamese people.
The U.S. policy of détente with the Soviet Union entailed the United States
beginning new discussions with the Soviet Union on arms control and trade.
What were the Pentagon Papers, which became public in 1971?
A secret government study critical of U.S. policy in Vietnam
What was the final outcome of the Vietnam War in Vietnam itself?
North Vietnam occupied Saigon, and the country unified.
Why did President Lyndon B. Johnson's Latin American policy generate a new surge of anti-Americanism in that region in 1965?
The United States suppressed an uprising that sought to oust the military dictator of the Dominican Republic.
Why did East Germany erect a wall between East and West Berlin in 1961?
To stop the mass exodus of East Germans to West Berlin
Why did American military officials begin calculating their progress in body counts and kill ratios in Vietnam in 1965?
It was impossible to measure military success based on territory seized.
What was the flaw in American officials' assumption that the U.S. military's superior technology and power would defeat the Communist forces in South Vietnam?
Their advanced weapons were ill suited to the guerrilla warfare practiced by those forces.
What did the Democratic Congress aim to do after President Nixon's resignation?
Guard against future abuses of government power
How did the gay and lesbian rights movement fare during the conservative 1980s?
Gay and lesbian rights activism grew and won some victories but also sparked a strong countermovement.
What was Richard Nixon's “southern strategy” for winning the presidential election in 1968?
He hoped to woo white southerners away from the Democratic party.
What happened to American defense spending under President Reagan?
It increased beyond the level of spending during the Vietnam War.
What was the ultimate result of President Reagan's two substantial tax cuts?
They benefited the wealthy.
What was the significance of a number of conservative Democrats changing their party affiliation beginning in 1964?
Democrats were losing the solid South.
What was a consequence of the nuclear accident near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in 1979?
Further development of the nuclear power industry was stalled.
Which of the following was among the reasons the Iranian government was hostile to the United States after the shah left the country?
The CIA helped to overthrow the Mossadegh government.
Which of the following was true of court-ordered busing during Nixon's presidency?
After he appointed four new justices to the Supreme Court, the court imposed strict limitations to achieve racial balance.
What was the outcome of the Reagan administration's decision to deregulate the banking industry?
A crisis in the savings and loan industry occurred, placing an added burden on taxpayers.
By 1990, about what percentage of married women with young children worked outside the home?
60 percent
What was President Reagan's initial strategy to fix the lagging U.S. economy?
Introduce a massive tax cut
Which of the following economic developments characterized Jimmy Carter's presidency?
The president cut federal spending in order to compensate for rising inflation.
Some of the most vigorous support for the growing grassroots conservative movement of the 1970s came from which group?
Middle-class suburban men and women in the Sun Belt
Who founded the Moral Majority in 1979?
Jerry Falwell, to fight left-wing social welfare bills
Following the 1972 election, Americans learned that President Nixon and his associates had been guilty of
harassing “enemies” through illegal means.
What was one of President Carter's major accomplishments in mediating the political crises in the Middle East?
Convincing Egypt to recognize Israel and Israel to gradually withdraw from the Sinai Peninsula
When he took office in 1976, President Carter promised to approach American foreign policy
by applying human rights principles.
How did President Carter respond to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979?
He barred U.S. athletes from participating in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.
Ronald Reagan's appointments to the federal court system tended to favor
a strict construction of the Constitution that limits judicial power.
What was the status of the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union at the time President Reagan left office in 1989?
They had reached their highest level of cooperation since World War II.
What did the independent prosecutor charged with investigating the Iran-Contra scandal conclude about President Reagan and Vice President George Bush?
Both had knowingly participated or at least acquiesced in covering up the scandal.
Which of the following describes the agenda of the new conservative movement of the 1970s?
It criticized the government's intrusion into the individual's economic life as a hindrance to prosperity and personal responsibility.
What did the Reagan administration do when Congress blocked its efforts to help opponents of the leftist Sandinista government in Nicaragua?
It acted secretly and illegally to undermine congressional authority.
What was the result of President Reagan's pledge to reduce federal spending?
Cuts in spending for social welfare programs
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