Abnormal Psychology Chapter 4

A mental state other than wakefulness, such as sleep or meditation, is called

an altered state of conscious

Circadian rhythms exist for

all of the above: appetite, learning efficiency, energy level,

Which hormone is most related to the sleep/wake cycle

melatonin

_____ occurs in four stages

NREM sleep

Which EEG pattern is typical of someone who is relaxed and drowsy but not yet asleep

alpha waves

Jones stayed up all night at a party. The next night he had nightmares when he slept. This was probably because of

REM rebound effect

Which theory explains the function of sleep in humans

a combination of both the restorative and circadian theories of sleep

Laura describes a dream she had to her friend, Jessica. Jessica explains her view of what the dream means. According to Freud, Jessica is offering her opinion of which aspect of Laura’s dream?

manifest content

Which of the following best describes the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming?

Dreams are the brain’s attempt to make sense of the random firing of brain cells during REM sleep

The technical term for talking in one’s sleep is:

somniloquy

Which of the following major sleep disorders may be treated through surgery

sleep apnea

Nightmares and sleep terrors

occur during different stages of sleep

Terrell spends time every morning sitting alone, concentrating on his breathing. He is experiencing the benefits of

meditation

Which of the following statements about hypnosis is true?

people are more suggestible when hypnotized.

Which theory of hypnosis states that the behavior of a hypnotized person is a function of his or her own expectations about how people behave while hypnotized?

sociocognitive theory of hypnosis

Which of the following is not a psychoactive drug?

all of the above are psychoactive drugs: marijuana, nicotine, caffeine

Alcohol is classified as a

depressant

Blake uses cocaine. He finds he need more cocaine now to receive the same effect he once received from smaller amounts of the drug. This symptom of cocaine dependence is called

drug tollerance

According to psychologists, at what point does casual use of a psychoactive drug become abuse?

when use of the drug has begun to negatively affect important aspects of the person's life and functioning

The neurotransmitter associated with the feelings of reward or pleasure produced by many psychoactive substances is

dopamine

Chronic jet lag can result in permanent memory deficits

True

Exposure to bright sunlight during early morning hours and avoidance of bright light in the evening may help restore circadian rhythms for those experiencing jet lag

True

Sleep deprivation may negatively affect mood but has little effect on cognitive performance

False

Dreams occurs only during REM sleep

False

Chronic insomnia can last for years

True

Meditation can help some people with depression

True

Hypnosis has been effective in helping people control pain

True

Substance abuse is a more severe problem than substance dependence

False

An individual who is addicted to cocaine and tries to quit using will often feel irritable and may have trouble sleeping

True

Marijuana has been associated with lung diseases

True