Psychology is defined as:
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
A counseling psychologist is working with a married couple to promote better communication in their relationship. Which goal of psychology is the psychologist trying to accomplish?
influence
Which of the following is true regarding basic and applied research?
Basic research would allow us to learn about memory changes, and applied research allows us to help those with memory problems cope with everyday life
One of the first psychological laboratories was established by _______ where he used _____ as the primary method of research.
William Wundt, introspection
The early psychological school of thought devoted to studying the basic elements of conscious mental expression was ______, developed by ______.
structuralism, Tichener
_____ is the school of thought that focuses on unconscious wishes, desires, and impulses.
Psychoanalytic psychology
_____ is associated with _____, the school of thought that studies only observable, measurable behavior.
John B. Watson; behaviorism
Dr. Smith believes that depression is a consequence of faulty thinking, decision making, and problem solving. Which which theoretical perspective would Dr. Smith most agree?
cognitive
Dr Jarrod, a psychologist, is part of an interdisciplinary team that includes biologists, biochemists, and medical researchers, who study the nervous system. To which field does Dr. Jarrod likely belong?
neroscience
Dr. Benson studies the factors that promote productivity in an office environment for a large company. Which type of psychologist is Dr. Benson likely to be?
industrial-organizational psychologist
Which type of psychologist is most likely to study how human behavior is affected by the presence of other people?
social pstchologist
Which of the following is not a characteristic exhibited when one engages in critical thinking?
independent thinking
A researcher is studying patterns of social play in 8-year olds by watching children on a playground and documenting their behaviors. Which research method is she using?
naturalistic observation
A survey taker makes sure that the people surveyed closely mirror the population of interest. He is ensuring that he has a
representative sample
A professor asks her class to record how often they study. Her students may tend to report studying more than they really do, thereby giving a
social desirability response
The variable that is presumed to vary as a result of the manipulation of another variable is called a
dependent variable
Dr. Needles is testing the effects of a new drug. One group receives the drug, while a comparison group receives an injection of a harmless solution. The group that receives the drug is called the
control group
In Dr. Needles experiment, neither he nor the participants know who gets the drug and who gets the harmless solution. This method is called:
the double-blind technique
Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?
67
Research participants must be told the purpose of the study in which they are participating and its potential for harming them. This is the ethical consideration known as
informed consent
Replication is used to verify a study’s findings with a different group of participants.
True
Wilhelm Wundt and John Watson belonged to the same early school of psychology.
False
Humanistic psychology focuses on the uniqueness of human beings and their capacity for growth.
True
Information-processing theory compares the human brain’s workings to those of a computer.
True
The view that human behavior is shaped by psychological factors is called the sociocultural approach.
False
Descriptive research methods, such as surveys and observation, accomplish all four goals of psychology equally well
False
The experimental method allows for the greatest experimenter control as well as perimitting cause and effect conclusions to be drawn.
True
A perfect positive correlation is indicated by the coefficient 1.00
True
If stress and illness are positively correlated, it means that stress causes illness
False
The APA permits the use of animals in research
True
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