Introduction to Biology

The volume between two adjacent numbers on a 5 ml pipette is equal to how many milliliters?
1

Volumes in graduated cylinders and pipettes are always measured at what part of the meniscus?
bottom

The volume between two adjacent numbers on a 1 ml pipette is equal to how many milliliters?
0.1

Spirogyra is an example of a(an):
alga

If a microscopic field measures 1000 microns and 2 cells that are equal in length extend half way across the field, what is the length of 1 cell in microns?
250

Paramecium is an example of a(an):
one-celled animal

In caring for a microscope, it is important to:
carry it with 2 hands

What item is used in this exercise to measure the microscopic field?
plastic ruler

If the objective lens has a magnification of 40x and the ocular lens 15x, the total magnification is equal to
600x

What is another name for a human red blood cell?
erythrocyte

The eyepiece on a microscope houses a
ocular lens

If the slope value is 0.2, how much change in the Y variable will there be for every unit increase in the X variable?
0.2

Inferential tests:
may apply to populations outside the study group

A regression line essentially represents:
an averaging of the Y data along the X axis.

Descriptive statistics:
analyzes data about a particular group of observations etc...

A population in statistical terms:
is any group of subjects

Deviation is:
the distance of any measurement from the mean

Research can be generally defined as
gathering and analyzing data with the intention of adding to current knowledge

Sloping the machine:
sets the point of 0 % Transmission

If a sample shows a high O.D. reading, the % Transmission will probably be:
low

Peak absorbance of a compound is the wavelength of light that:
is most readily absorbed

The larger the mass of a molecule
the slower it moves

Molecules move the most freely in
gases

Diffusion is a process where particles move
from high to low concentration

Brownian movement occurs as a result of
water molecules colliding with small particles

After diffusion has reached equilibrium, movement of molecules
continues

Osmosis is the passage of
a fluid or solvent througha semipermeable membrane

In dialysis:
dissolved substances pass through a semi permeable membrane

What material is used to demonstrate the diffusion of a gas
NH4OH

The quantity of enzyme at the beginning and end of a reaction is:
does not change

Enzymes react with a molecule called:
substrate

Amylase reacts with starch and converts it into:
disaccharides

What is the role of amylase in the experiment on the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?
enzyme

What is the role of iodine in the experiment on the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?
indicator

Enzymes are composed of
at least in part of protein

In a given biochemical reaction:
only 1 enzyme can be used

What is the role of starch in the experiment on the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?
substrate

In mitosis, what is the chromosome number in the daughter cells in relation to those found in the parent cell?
same

In interphase I of meiosis
DNA is duplicated

A pair of chromatids is called
dyad

In what phase do the spindle fibers form and the nucleolus disappears?
prophase

When chromosome material is dispersed it is called
chromatin

Species are determined by
the nature of the heredity material (the information contained)

Crossing-over occurs in
prophase I

The number of chromosomes in a somatic cell is
diploid

If q = 0.6, what is the frequency of the dominant allele?
.4

A probability value of less that 1%
is considered to be highly significant

If the frequency of the recessive allele is .3, what is the recessive phenotype frequency (assuming population at genetic equilibrium)?
.09

A probability value of 0.05 means that
there is a 5% (or less) probability of the null hypothesis (that the deviations are due to chance alone).

If there are 3 possible outcomes in a study, how many degrees of freedom are there?
2

Using a compound light microscope, individual chromosomes can be seen
only when cells are dividing

When using the scientific method, what do scientists do immediately after observing and wondering about the cause of some unexplained phenomenon?
check the scientific journals to see what is already known about the phenomenon.
literature survey

Data analysis is part of
testing hypothesis
an experiment

In spite of the chemical variation of the cell walls among Eukaryotes, the function is the same. What is the function?
to prevent the cell from rupturing

What organelle is generally most noticeable when viewing Eukaryotic cells under a microscope?
nucleus

A structure known as a mastax is found in
Rotifera

Amoeba move by means of
pseudopodia

How do scientists communicate the results of their experiments to other scientists?
publishing reports in scientific journals
giving lecture presentations at scientific meetings

What happens during data analysis?
comparison of measurements
see if experimental group data is different from control group data

If the data from an experiment is consistent with the hypothesis
the hypothesis may be true
the data supports the hypothesis

If the data from a thorough experiment shows that the experimental group behaved the same as the control group
the hypothesis is discarded
the hypothesis is false

If an experiment is repeated several times and the results are inconsistent
it's a sign that there may be confounding factors
we can't tell if data supports the hypothesis or not

Why do objects weigh less when submerged in water?
the weight of the displaced water opposes (and reduces) the objects' gravitational force
they displace water when submerged

If the reading of a 5 ml pipette is 1.0 ml, the volume in the pipette is ___________
4.0 ml

If the reading of a 5 ml pipette is 3.0 ml, the volume in the pipette is ___________
2.0 ml

If the reading of a 5 ml pipette is 4.0 ml, the volume in the pipette is ___________
1.0 ml

The purpose of looking at the slide of the letter E is:
to practice focusing the microscope
to determine how the lenses change the appearance of specimens

The term array as used in Lab 5 refers to:
a group of measurements listed in a column from highest to lowest

In a normal curve, what percent of the data can be found within +/- 1 standard deviation of the mean?
68.3%

What is the median of the following array? {9, 7, 6, 4, 4, 2}
5

What is the median of the following array? {15, 4, 2, 2}
3

What is the deviation for the mode in this array? {78, 67, 55, 40, 40}, mean = 56
-16

The blank cuvette is just like a sample cuvette except
it contains no solutes

On the spectrophotometer, the “% Transmission” scale is a measure of
how much light passed through the sample

What must be done every time the spectrophotometer is set to a new wavelength?
slope the machine

On the spectrophotometer, the "% Transmission" scale is a measure of
how much light passed through the sample
how much of the light coming from the lamp hit the detector

If % transmission is high for a given sample, then
absorbance will be low

The generation time of bacteria
occurs during the exponential growth phase
is the time it takes for the population to double
occurs during the log phase

As the population of bacteria increases
absorbance increases
optical density increases

In the Evaluating Substrate Utilization exercise
iodine is an indicator for starch
amylase is an enzyme

In the chemical reaction where starch is broken down, catalyzed by the enzyme amylase,
the substrate is starch
the reactant is starch

What will happen if less than 3 ml of sample is used in the spectrophotometer?
some of the light beam will pass through the air above the sample
the absorbance readings will be too low

Osmotic pressure is
greater when the concentration gradient is greater
highest where the concentration is highest

CO2 is removed from various molecules by the process:
decarboxylation

What cells control the opening and closing of the stomata in leaves?
guard cells

The grasshopper breathes by means of:
a tracheal system

The garden snail breathes using:
lungs

What is the function of the KOH in the respirometer?
to absorb CO2

Air enters the snail through the:
respiratory pore

Tracheids:
join to form xylem

The plant to be used to measure transpiration in this exercise is:
ivy

Blood is returned to the heart of a fish from the tail fin through a vessel known as the:
posterior vena cava

The tracheophytes are commonly known as:
vascular plants

Diffusion is a(an):
slow process

Transport systems beyond simple mechanisms such as cyclosis are needed by:
large multicellular organisms

Term that refers to when an enzyme is irreversibly damaged
denature

In the experiment examining the effect of temp. on enzyme activity:
saliva contains the enzyme
starch is the substrate

How is the digestive tract of Rotifera different from that of Hydra?
more complex than hydra
has more openings than hydra

When chlorophyll extract in a test tube is exposed to light, it will:
emit red light
use light energy to excite electrons

Why was a heat shield used for study of light intensity vs. rate of photosynthesis?
heat affects enzyme activity
Elodea is a water plant and is not used to warm temperatures
to reduce confounding factors

How do organisms in the Subphylum Sarcodina move?
pseudopodia

How do animal cells move in a watery environment?
cilia
flagella

How do animal cells stick to each other?
glycocalyces

Blood is returned to the heart of a fish from the tail through a vessel known as the
renal portal vein
posterior vena cava
renal vein

What is the purpose of the vaseline in the transpiration experiment?
block stomata
reduce transpiration

The openings through which gases enter and leave the leaves of plants are called:
stomata

In vascular plants, water and minerals are transported through:
xylem

The tracheophytes are commonly known as
vascular plants

Tracheids
join to form xylem

Transport systems are needed by:
trees
large animals

The delivery of nutrients and the elimination of wastes are imporant to:
cells deep within an organism
cells making up the surface of an organism
nerve cells

Diffusion is a/an:
slow process
imporant process in delivering materials to cells
important process in removing materials from cells

How does a Paramecium accomplish respiration?
CO2 diffuses outward through cell membrane
O2 diffuses inward through cell membrane

Why was a heat shield used for study of light intensity vs. rate of photosynthesis?
heat affects enzyme activity
Elodea is a water plant and is not used to warm temperatures
to reduce confounding factors