Human Cultural Geography

In 2004, which countries had per capita emissions of carbon dioxide of less than one metric ton?

Somalia and Kenya

Mediterranean agriculture is found in
eastern Spain, Italy and northern Egypt.

The Kyoto Protocol _______.
addresses global climate change

___________ are among the cities with the highest connection to New York City.
London and Singapore

During the Pleistocene, glaciers extend as far as _____________.
St. Louis and Seattle

Mortality risk from natural disaster is greatest in developed countries.
False

___________ describes a field of study that considers the roles of political economics, power, and history in shaping human environmental interactions.
Political-ecology

Global warming began about 18,000 years ago and is a characteristic of the Holocene.
True

Urban sprawl is closely associated with rapid urban population growth.
False

Biologists estimate that there may be as many as ____ million types of organisms on Earth.
25

Which of the following is not one of the key “greenhouse” gasses?
ozone

Depletion of the ozone layer is caused by the release of __________ into the atmosphere.
chlorofluorocarbons

The Food and Agricultural Organization at the United Nations released a study indicating that the rate of forest loss globally between 2000-2005 was lower than between 1990-2000.
True

Globalization networks link us with other people and places, and the flow of information technology is a daily way in which we are interlinked with the globe.
True

Highest rates of infant mortality are found in Central America region.
False

Buying a Native American styled dream catcher at a Wal-Mart store in Ohio is an example of
cultural appropriation.

After the three Eurasian population clusters, the next-ranking cluster comprises the east-central United States and southeastern Canada. This cluster is not nearly as large as the smallest of the Eurasian clusters. It is, in fact only ___ the size.
one-quarter

It has been estimated that 98 percent of Egypt's population occupies only _______ percent of the country's total area.
3

________ culture is conceived as small, incorporating a homogeneous population, typically rural and cohesive in cultural traits.
Folk

The Afghan Taliban (Islamic fundamentalists) movement, spawned in Pakistan, created a counter migration of 2.5 million Afghanis to ________ when they came to power.
Iran

The study of human cultures and their ability to adapt and exist within a particular physical environment is called:
cultural ecology

The only country in Africa with a building over 700 feet tall is:
South Africa.

Geographer Carl O. Sauer is most closely connected with:
cultural landscape

Irish migration to North America in the mid-1800s is an example of
migration which reflects both forced and voluntary aspects of migration

In India the greatest concentration of population is found on the
plain of the Ganges River.

Housing in American suburbs shows little regional variation and tends to sacrifice tradition for practicality and convenience.
True

The long-term relocation of an individual, household, or group to a new location outside the community of origin is called
migration.

The world's three largest population concentrations are all found on the same landmass, which is:
Eurasia.

The South American country with the highest average daily calorie consumption per capita is
Brazil

All of the following stimulated migration: Hurricane Katrina, the eruption of Sourfriere Hills Volcano, and the Irish famine of the 1840’s.
True

Since September 2001, there has been a greater concern about immigration control to
prevent terrorism.

The concept of culture is closely identified with:
anthropology

About ___ percent of the world's population is concentrated in East Asia.
25

In 1995, the collapse of which of the following European countries produced the largest refugee crisis in Europe since the end of World War II?
Yugoslavia

The visible imprint of human activity on the landscape is known as:
the cultural landscape.

The physical location of a place using the Earth latitude-longitude grid is properly called the:
absolute location

________________ culture is conceived as small, incorporating a homogeneous population, typically rural and cohesive in cultural traits.
Folk

Almost everywhere on Earth, Total Fertility Rates (TFRs) are
falling.

A city’s relative location can change over time.
True

“Little Sweden” in Lindsborg, Kansas is a good example:
neolocalism.

The spread of disease where nearly all adjacent individuals are affected is an example of
contagious diffusion

The major focus of North America's population is
the Megalopolis region.

Some countries have declining populations, which means negative population growth rates.
True

Much of Kenya’s income comes from:
coffee and tea production

The mental map you have of places you routinely visit is a map of your:
activity spaces

A group of people in a particular place who see themselves as a community and who share experience, customs, and traits are referred to as a
local culture.

Which is not an aspect of cultural landscape convergence?
development of regional architectural styles

Geographer David Harvey refers to the increasing speed by which innovations in popular culture diffuse as
time-space compression.

The importance of the spatial approach that geographers use in their studies is that it shows:
the arrangement and organization of things on the surface to the Earth

Which of the following is not one of Ernst Ravenstein’s laws of migration?
The majority of urban migrants are uneducated.

Globalized popular culture can be picked up and reproduced by people in the context of their local culture. This is referred to as:
reterritorialization.

Food production, contrary to the predictions of Malthus, has grown exponentially because of a number of factors.  Which one of the following is not one of these factors?
an increase in the number of farmers in Britain

Which geographical theme would involve the study of the impact of the drainage of part of the Florida Everglades?
human-environment

One recent refugee crisis in Southwest Asia took place in 1991, when, in the aftermath of the Gulf War, the __________ population of northern Iraq was forced to leave their villages and flee across the Turkish and Iranian borders.
Kurdish

Two countries with very high percentages of arable land are:
Rwanda and Poland

Two physical geographic barriers create the boundaries of the South Asia population cluster are
the Himalaya Mountains to the north and the mountains west of the Indus River Valley in Pakistan.

The statistics that report the number of deaths per thousand people in a given year is called:
the crude death or mortality rate.

Cultural appropriation for purposes of profit (e.g., naming a beer for a Lakota chief) is referred to as an example of
commodification

In terms of total number of refugees, _____ is the geographic realm most severely affected by refugee problems.
tropical Africa

Births and _______ add to the population growth of a particular country.
immigration

Efforts to conserve local cultures often focus on the local ____________.
customs

All of the following are examples of periodic movements except
commuting to work

European global exploration was a consequence of European colonization and the need for geographical information.
False

Which US states experienced net outmigration during the 1990s & net immigration from 2000-2004?
Wyoming, Maryland, Maine

Major routes of human migration before 1950 include all of the following except:
China to India.

The rise of NASCAR from a regional Southern sport to its national prominence on television and advertising has not affected its status as a local cultural phenomena.
False

Countries with aging populations attempt to stimulate economic growth to lessen the effect of rising medical and retirement costs by
promoting immigration.

Between 1788 and 1838, tens of thousands of convicts were shipped from Britain to which of the following continents?
Australia

A good example of a formal region would be a:
region of similar language

The type of movement that involves journeys that begin at and bring us back to our home base is called
cyclic.

Government efforts to discourage native practice and languages in the United States and Canada were attempts to _____________ native groups.
assimilate

Migration of individuals is not a form of diffusion.
False

Mandarin, the language in and around the Chinese capital Beijing, was chosen as the standardized form of Chinese for the whole country.
True

A series of concrete pillars _________ the northern boundary of Kuwait with Iraq.
demarcates

The European state idea spread throughout the world through
European colonialism.

The faith that is most widely dispersed over the world is
Christianity.

The Peace of Westphalia ____________
marked the beginning of the modern state of Europe.

The former Soviet Union adopted _______________ as its official religious policy.
atheism

Hawaii and Louisiana are examples of states with
official bilingual policies.

The largest constituency of Christianity is
Roman Catholicism.

Nigeria chose __________ as its official language upon independence.
English

The dominating colonial influence in Libya, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia was ___________.
Italian

One way of identifying ourselves is to “identify against,” i.e. define the “other” and thus define ourselves as not the other.
True

A language that is the product of a process of convergence which allows speakers of two or more languages to communicate is
a lingua franca.

Distance, remoteness and marginal location enhance the potential for devolution. This form of devolution is referred to as
spatial devolution

The boundary between the United States and Canada west of the Great Lakes is an example of a(n)
geometric boundary

The two theories of the Proto-Indo-European language diffusion are_________ and ________.
conquest theory/dispersal hypothesis

In the 1910s, segregation of the Chinese in Oakland, California was
the result of “white only” zoning laws.

Devolution is affecting many countries in the world today.
True

The teachings of Lao-Tsu form the tenants of
Taoism.

Christianity is an example of a polytheistic religion.
False

“Invasion and succession” is the term used to describe the process where new immigrants to a city often move into areas occupied by older immigrant groups.
True

There are ___ principal language families of the world.
20

Dialects are most often marked by actual differences in
vocabulary.

A geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs is called
an isogloss

The Hindu religion is one of the oldest of the great religions and may have begun ______
4,000

Robert Sack’s view of human territorial behavior implies an expression of control over space and time.  This control is closely related to the concept of
sovereignty.

____ of internet content is in English.
68%

The rise of the modern state idea, where territory defined society rather than society defining territory, swept through Europe in the
1600s

The French government has _________ to protect French language and culture.
all of the above

At the global scale, political geographers study the spatial manifestations of political processes expressed in the organization of territories with permanent population, defined territory and a government. These spatial units are called
states.

Jerusalem is a sacred place for
all of the above

Which is an example of an intrafaith (boundary) conflict?
Northern Ireland

The crucial element in language is
vocalization

When not all people within a state identify with the dominant sense of nationality, movements for separation of nation and territory may arise.  For example the ______in ________.
Basques, Spain

We think of the border region between the United States and Mexico as being an Anglo-Hispanic meeting point, but one of the largest groups of _____________ in Mexico can be found just outside the city of Mexicali.
Chinese

In the former Yugoslavia, Albanians are the dominate ethnic group in _____________
Kosovo.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the most residentially segregated metropolitan area for African Americans is
Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Critical geopolitics emphasizes the analysis of diplomatic and power relations between various state groupings.
False

Which is an example of a stateless-nation?
Kurdistan

Most ________ states gained independence after 1940.
African

The belief that inanimate objects (e.g. trees, mountains, boulders) contain spirits
agrarianism.

Recent geopolitical theory emphasizes the “deconstruction” of spatial assumptions and territorial perspectives of leading western politicians and analysis of the way their ideas are used to manipulate public opinion. This field of research is called
Critical geopolitics

The Indo-European language family prevails on the map of Europe. Which country listed below has a language which is not in the Indo-European family?
Hungary

Persian, Pashto and Baluchi are all part of the __________ branch of the language tree.
Iranian

Which country has experienced violent devolution?
Yugoslavia

When places are “designed” either for women or men they are said to be
gendered

Ethnicity is a dynamic phenomena and ethnic identity (e.g. Swiss-American ethnicity) is greatly affected by
scale and place.

Hinduism arose in the _____________ River valley.
Indus

American, Canadian, and Russian governments have all worked to insure the preservation of minority native languages within their borders.
False

Many geographers, such as Elder, Knopp, and Nast, refer to theories that explain or inform our understanding of sexuality and space as
queer theory.

The present number of countries and territories in the world is around
200.

Parts of South Africa and Zimbabwe have become demographically feminized due to migration of
males to urban and mining jobs.

According to Gillian Ross, “identity” is
how we make sense of ourselves.

The most widely used Indo-European language today is
English

Buddhism thrives in all of the areas listed below except
India.

Sound shift is _____________.
a slight change in a word across languages within a subfamily

Which of the following U.S. regional association is incorrect?
Southwest—Mormon

One of the most powerful impacts of colonialism was the construction of global order characterized by great differences in
economic and political power

The youngest major religion is
Islam.

In India the breaking of a dowry contract may lead to
a beating or killing of the wife (dowry death).

Race is
socially constructed.

Residential segregation in the United States today is
decreasing.

The Hajj, one of the “pillars of Islam,” is
the pilgrimage to Mecca.

A boundary between countries is a
vertical plane that cuts through the rocks below and air above

A culture’s assumptions about the differences between men and women, their character, roles and divisions of labor are referred to as
gender.

Zoroastrianism is similar to Islam and Christianity in that it is
monotheistic.

In 1997 Scotland took a major devolutionary step with the establishment of
the Scottish Parliament

Which of the following Balkan association is incorrect?
Croat—Orthodox

By the year _______, Islam had diffused to the East Indies.
1200

Which of the following is not generally a characteristic of an ethnic religion?
always polytheistic

The growth of fundamentalist Islam can be seen in the spread of the adoption of Sharia law.
True